Container Garden Design - Planting (2024)

The main challenges for people new to container gardeningare how many plants should be included, and how to place them in the container. The reality is that plants are flexible and there is no "right" answer. There are, however, guidelines that can help you when it is time to get started.

Living Flower Arrangement vs Traditional

There are two basic ways to plant a combination. The “living flower arrangement” and the traditional planting. The living flower arrangement is when you place as many plants as possible into each planter. This allows the planter to look full immediately after planting. However, since living flower arrangements are crowded, they tend not to have as much longevity and often have more disease problems than traditional plantings. Living flower arrangements can be useful if you need to have a high impact container immediately, say for a party the same weekend you are planting the container.

Traditional planting is when you allow enough room between plants so the planter looks full after several weeks of additional growth. Generally, using three or four plants in 10 to 12-inch planters, four to six plants in 14 to 16-inch planters and six to eight plants in 16 to 20-inch planters will fill out containers nicely while allowing room for the plants to grow without excessive crowding. With traditional planting, you need to have a bit of patience to get a completely full planter. However, the plants will be healthier because of better root growth and increased air flow which decreases disease pressure in the planter. With healthier plants, containers are much more likely to still be in bloom and looking good at the end of the season.

Considerations

While these numbers are a great starting point to figuring out how many plants you need for your container, there are some additional things to consider. The number of plants you use can be adjusted up or down by considering the vigor and final size of the plants. For instance, Supertunia® Petunias tend to spread and are quite vigorous, so with these we would recommend only three plants in a 14-inch container. They will quickly grow and fill out the entire planter, although a light trim will encourage even more branching.

An even more extreme example would be planting Supertunia Vista®petunias. I have 18 to 20-inch upright containers that I plant every year. I have, on more than one occasion, used one of the Supertunia Vista®petunias in these large planters. Since these plants are VERY vigorous, I only use three plants in even these large planters. Here is an example of Supertunia Vista® Silverberryon my deck a few summers ago. The container was planted with the three plants in May. The photo on the left was taken July 2nd and the photo on the right was taken September 2nd. Those three plants quickly filled the container and it performed like a champ; well into October.

On the other hand, plants that are more compact and have an upright nature may take more than the recommended number to make the planter seem full. Pansies are an example of a rather compact, upright, slower-growing plant. Pansies are fantastic for cool season color. However, they tend to be relatively small plants and are primarily grown when the weather is cool which means they grow more slowly. When I plant pansies in pots, I tend to use a lot more than the recommended number of plants I gave above. The photo below was taken at the end of October and the container was planted at the end of September. This is a 12-inch container and it has eight plants in it. The planter is full without being overly crowded. It had rained for three days prior to taking this photo so the plants are looking a bit forlorn.

Size Does Matter

Beyond considering how large a plant will get and how vigorously it grows, you also need to consider the size of the plants you are using in your containers. If you are starting from 6-packs of plants, you will use more plants than if you are starting with 4-inch pots of plants. If you use gallon-sized plants, you will need even fewer plants. For the container recipes on our website, unless otherwise noted, we are using plants in 4-inch containers.

The two photos above are planted from different sizes. The Supertunia Vista® Silverberry is three 4-inch plants in an 18 to 20-inch planter. The pansies have eight 6-pack sized plants in a 12-inch planter. More than likely you will be using mostly 4-inch or plants in packs for your containers.

Often spacing is included on plant tags. This spacing refers to the preferred spacing for in-ground plantings. However, you can use the spacing information as one way of estimating final size and vigor. Plants that have a smaller spacing recommendation are generally going to be smaller and less vigorous. Those with a larger spacing recommendation are generally going to be larger and more vigorous plants. You can use that information to help determine the number of plants to include in your planters.

Plant Placement

Now that you've determined how many plants to use in your container, it is time to start placing them in the planter. It is always best to leave some space between the top of the soil and the edge of the pot. In small containers half an inch is good, but for larger containers you should leave an inch or maybe even two inches of space. This is called headspace and it helps to keep the soil from washing out of the container and it also channels the water into the container. Without headspace, the water would simply run off of the container.

Once you've added potting soil, it is time to start arranging the plants within the planter. It is best to leave an inch or two between the edge of the pot and the edge of the soil from the plants. This will give the plant room to root-out in all directions. From there you simply want to arrange the plants so each plant has some room and the whole planter will be filled.

Generally, if you are using 3 plants in a semi-circular container, you would plant one in the middle at the front of the container and the two off-set to either side at the back of the container (below, left). For a round or square container, you will plant them in an equilateral triangle within the container (below, middle) and if it is an oblong or rectangular container you will likely plant them in a row (below, right),

If you are using 4 plants in a semi-circular planter, you would likely put 3 along the back with one in the middle front (below, left). For 4 plants in a round or square planter, you are most likely to either put them in a square formation or to put them in an equilateral triangle and then place one plant in the center (middle photos below). For a rectangular planter, 4 plants would work best with two along the front and two along the back in a checkerboard pattern (below, right).

For 5 plants in a semi-circular planter, you will most likely put one plant in the front, two plants in the middle on either side of the first plant, and the last two plants at the back of the planter close to each side (below, left). For 5 plants in a circular or square planter, you are likely to put 4 of the plants in a square with the 5th plant in the middle (below, center). With a rectangular planter, 5 plants would be a checkerboard with 3 plants along the front and 2 along the back of the planter (photo, right).

Once you get above 5 plants in a round or square container, you will probably want to plant at least 3 towards the outside, more or less equally spaced out. Place one in the center and then place the rest between the outer plants and the center plant. In rectangular planters the checkerboard pattern we use for 5 plants is a pretty good way to go. For a semi-circular shape, I would place one to two plants at the front and then fill in behind that with the rest.

If you are planting a mono-crop (all one plant), you can simply put one plant in each spot. If you are planting a combination planter (several different kinds of plants), you need to pay attention to color, texture, habit and height.

As you are planting, try and spread the plants somewhat evenly throughout the planting area of the container while leaving some space between the edge of the container and the root ball of the plants. If you do that, your planters will look great.

This is one article in a series of four on container garden design. You can access the other three articles here:

Container Garden Design - Color

Container Garden Design - Structure

Container Garden Design - Foliage and Texture

Supertunia^® Vista Bubblegum 'USTUNI6001' US PP17,730, Can. PBR 2871; Supertunia^® Vista Silverberry 'USTUNI60-01M' US PPAF, Can. PBRAF